Friday, July 24, 2020
Top 10 Signs Your Teen Is at Risk of Burning Out
Top 10 Signs Your Teen Is at Risk of Burning Out Stress Management Print 10 Signs Your Teenager Is at Risk of Burnout By Denise Witmer Updated on January 21, 2020 Jamie Grill / Tetra Images / Getty Images More in Stress Management Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Is your teenager burning out? Believe it or not, it is quite possible. High school, sports, extracurricular activities, friends, boyfriend/girlfriend relationships, social media, and family all demand time and attentiveness from your teen. So much so, that he could be experiencing signs of stress or worseâ" burnout. Prevalence of Stress in Teens In a 2013 survey of adults and teens conducted online on behalf of the American Psychological Association by Harris Interactive Inc., Teen reported stress levels during the school year far exceeding what they believed to be healthy (5.8 vs. 3.9 on a 10-point scale). The average reported stress level of adults was 5.1 on a 10-point scale, demonstrating that teens feelings of stress rival those of adults. In the survey, results indicated that: 31% of teens reported feeling overwhelmed30% of teens reported feeling depressed or sad as a result of stress36% of teens reported feeling tired23% of teens reported skipping a meal due to stress How Stress Leads to Burnout Burnout is a state of chronic stress that leads to physical and emotional exhaustion, depression, detachment, cynicism and lack of accomplishment including feelings of ineffectiveness. Though most adolescents go through situations that cause stress and tension, chronic stress and piled up stressors can result in depression, aggressive behavior or suicidal tendencies. Some teens may take to fighting, drinking and smoking or other risky behavior in an effort to cope and deal with their feelings of stress. 10 Signs Your Teen Is Burning Out Here are 10 signs of burnout that you should be on the lookout for: Depression: He doesnt want to do anything, he has lost interest in things he likes to do, and he has decreased attention or effectiveness when doing things.Anxiety: Your teenager is feeling some anxiety for no known reason or acting overly anxious. The inability to relax, or not sleeping well (having nightmares, restless, etc) are all signs of anxiety.Insomnia: Your teenager is suffering from insomnia if he is unable to get to sleep at night or he wakes up and is unable to go back to sleep.Eating Habits: Your teenager is either overeating or undereatingâ"both are a response to being stressed.Emotional Behavior: Your teenager is giving in to impulse behavior, more than normal, and is showing signs of emotional instability (extreme anger, fear or sadness), more than normal.Physical Pain: Your teenager is experiencing neck or back pain.Missing Periods: Many health conditions can cause your teenage daughter to miss her menstrual cycle, stress may be one reason.Health Issues: Your teena ger is complaining of stomach ache, dizziness, dryness of throat and mouth.Nervous Behavior: Your teenager is acting hyper, has emotional tension or alertness not usual to their personality (including high-pitched voice or nervous laughter).Risky Behavior: Increased risk-taking behavior can be a sign of burnout. For example, smoking, drinking alcohol, experimenting with sex or drugs sometimes point to underlying problems such as burnout. How You Can Help an Overwhelmed Child Parents can start to help by being understanding of the problems faced by their teens. With proper guidance and time, your teen can learn to overcome stress and related issues, this is why it is important to seek the help of a trained professional like a guidance counselor or psychologist. Better support and health education (at both school, home and at the community level) will lead to breaking the cycle of stress and unhealthy behaviors for your teen.
Friday, May 22, 2020
Thursday, May 7, 2020
Apple Inc., 2008 Case Study - 1170 Words
Executive Overview Apple has been established for over 30 years since Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computer in 1976. During Steven Jobsââ¬â¢s tenure as CEO, Appleââ¬â¢s mission was to bring an easy-to-use computer to market. However, Apple was not performing as good as Jobs projected, so he resigned in 1985. In the following 12 years, Apple experienced three different CEOââ¬â¢s and still could not be brought back to life. Under John Sculley, Apple worked to drive down costs by switching much of its manufacturing to subcontractors. But these efforts were not enough to sustain Appleââ¬â¢s profitability. During the Michael Spindler years, international growth became a key objective for Apple. Yet despite Spindlerââ¬â¢s efforts, Apple lostâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Retail Strategy After Jobs returned to Apple, he revamped Appleââ¬â¢s distribution system, removing relationships with many smaller outlets and extending its presence in national chains. In 1997, Apple also started a website to sell its products directly to customers. Its retail strategy was regarded as a huge success. More importantly, people who visited the stores for iPod products usually checked the Mac too. This ââ¬Å"halo effectâ⬠greatly benefited Appleââ¬â¢s Mac business. Porterââ¬â¢s Five Forces Analysis of Apple Current Competition Appleââ¬â¢s current rivalry is very competitive and intense. The PC industry has quite low switching costs, so the current competition is pretty high. Apple confronts tough competition from IBM, Dell, HP, and etc. Threat of Substitute Products The more differentiation of the product, the less likely the change to a substitute will happen. Appleââ¬â¢s operating system differentiation can always require higher pricing. However, owing to technology improvement, the ââ¬Å"digital convergenceâ⬠of PC and CE (consumer electronics) products has become more substantial in the PC market. Many different alternative devices have started to replace PCs. Therefore, this threat is becoming higher to Apple. Threat of New Entrants This threat is low since the existing companies have established powerful brand awareness. The computer industry is very saturated and new entrants wouldShow MoreRelatedStrategic Management Case Analysis: Apple Inc. Essay1027 Words à |à 5 PagesStrategic Management Case Analysis: Apple Inc. Veronica R. Hart Kaplan University Strategic Human Resource Management Unit 1 GB 520 p. 1-6 March 9, 2011 The 2008 Harvard Business Case Study on Apple Inc, describes the very popular corporation with 24 billion in revenue as of 2007 and how the company has had some problems yet sustainability over the years. The status of the company was examined in detail by the article which revealed a number of strategic moves under the leadership ofRead MoreA Business Study of Apple Inc1120 Words à |à 4 PagesCase Study: Apple, Inc. 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For an example long it has been said that a follower could never be a leaderRead MoreHow Recent Economic Trends Influence Business Essay1588 Words à |à 7 Pagesmany factors present in its environment and this because a business can not operate in vacuum. The factors existing in a businessââ¬â¢ environment are beyond control by a firm and the factors affects how a business operates and performs in the market (Li, 2008). Other macro environmental factors besides economic that affect business performance include political factors, social, demographic or ecological, and technology. The economy is an important factor affecting businesses since it determines level of
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
AIDS in World History Free Essays
The epidemic of human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus causing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has transformed international history involving the emergence of social norms and stereotypes against Black races, homosexuals, and countries plagued by the disease (e.g. Africa, Thailand, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on AIDS in World History or any similar topic only for you Order Now ). Historically, the first convincing evidence of HIV virus and actual disease process of AIDS was found in the blood of an unknown man from Kinshasa, Africa in 1959 (Iliffe, 2007 p.311). Eventually, the infection reached the Western Nations initially in Los Angeles around June 1981 wherein a rare pulmonary Pneumocystis carinii was found infecting six cases with blood-borne HIV condition (Feigal, Levine and Biggar, 2000 p.1). By mid-1982, approximately 450 cases of HIV had been identified by CDC, and by the end of the year, an estimated case increase of 300 or more was received by the same organization (Finkel, 2007 p.89). The event marked the first AIDS epidemic creating a global stigma against races, demographics, countries and gender associated with the disease epidemiology (Parker and Aggleton, 2003). From 1982 to 1985, AIDS and HIV monitoring institutions were able to file an approximate 16,000 cases of HIV, while death toll caused by the disease had reached 8,100 for 1985 alone (Finkel, 2007 p.89). By the end of 2002, UNAIDS reported 42 million people with AIDS worldwide, while 25 million had already died of the infection (Porth, 2005 p.427). Due to the increasing number of infected population, AIDS had reshaped the world history by influencing the worldââ¬â¢s views on countries, nations, and people responsible for the spread of the disease across the globe. I.à à à à à à à à à à à à à Discussion a.à à à Epidemiology and its International Impact AIDS epidemic has kept on growing in its exponential rates since its marked discovery in June, 1981. In United States, AIDS epidemic rose from the 1985 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) records of 5,600 to 82,764 in 1989, 816,000 by the end of 2000, and UNAIDS records of 3.5 million by the end of 2002 (Porth, 2005 p.428; Patterson, 2005 p.179). In an international perspective, global AIDS prevalence among adults from 15 to 49 years old has increased from approximately 8.5 million in 1990 to 38.6 million in 2005, while African AIDS prevalence trend among the similar demographics has increased as well from 1.3 million in 1985 to 25 million as of 2005 (UNAIDS, 2006). According to Steinbrook (2004), there are nine countries that have the most number of HIV-infected demographics, and eight of these are from sub-Saharan Africa totaling to approximately 12 million individuals with AIDS. The country and race of African people have been severely affected by the global stereotypes and trauma against AIDS. According to Iliffe (2007), convincing trace of HIV-1 transmission has been detected in chimpanzees exclusive to the region of Kinshasa, while the ten subtypes of HIV-1 have been found in an early epidemic only within the equatorial Africa, which consequently suggests the viral origin of AIDS (p.311). The increasing international stigma over sub-Saharan Africa has affected the global ethnicities of blacks, African American and African immigrants in every part of the world (Steinbrook, 2004). According to the review study of Valdiserri (2002), race and ethnic groups associated with the groups dramatically affected by AIDS infection have experienced negative attitudes, prejudice, judgment and discrimination from the social public. b.à à à Global Trend of AIDS Epidemic The complex hallmark of AIDS in World History involves the rising trend of social stigma against AIDS epidemic and demographics associated with the disease epidemiology (Steinbrook, 2004). According to the review study of Valdiserri (2002), series of national interviews from 1990s to 2000 reveals that the 1 out of 5 individuals living in the study sample (n=5,600 American adults) possess negative attitudes against races associated and patients with AIDS. According to Perloff (2001), the increasing trend of AIDS epidemic triggered various social prejudice and negative attitudes against various groups of individuals across the world. In mainland South Africa, women and children who obtained HIV becomes the social projection of rejection, prejudice and discrimination brought by the global stigma towards AIDS (Brown, Macintyre and Trujilo, 2003). In United States, African American or Blacks have been viewed negatively after the American public harbor more stigmatizing attitudes from sub-Saharaââ¬â¢s reported HIV infection, while in Thailand, social hostility towards prostitutes (e.g. police harassment, discrimination, etc.) are increasing à consistently (Perloff, 2001 p.130). According to Armstrong-Dailey and Zarbock (2001), the common impact of AIDS stigma on a global perspective is the development of social ostracism among families or patients who contracted with AIDS (p.119). According to the study of Sudha, Vijay and Lakshmi (2005), 51.13% of the sample (n=800) felt the need to publicly denounce the names of AIDS patients for the public to avoid them, while 73.75% of the families interviewed prefer to keep AIDS condition among family relatives only. Discrimination brought by the public and even medical practitioners becomes the by-product of the worldwide stigma stimulated by the exponential growth rate of AIDS (Perloff, 2001 p.130). c.à à à Impact of AIDS in Future Generation With the continuous rising trend of AIDS population worldwide, social stigma of the general public against the race, demographics and individuals associated with the disease epidemiology is likely to increase causing global negative attitudes, fear and prejudice against their population (Armstrong-Dailey and Zarbock, 2001 p.119). Contrary to the above predictions, the study of Blower, Schwartz and Mills (2003), public stigma against AIDS patient may reduce depending on the increasing health awareness of the public regarding HIV prevention and patient management. Meanwhile, Piot, Bartos and Ghys et al. (2001) have predicted that the immediate future implications of AIDS epidemic in high stakes countries (e.g. South Africa, Thailand, U.S, etc.) are (a) the increase in medical expenditures of the country (e.g. predicted 45% in South Africa, etc.), (b) decreased of life expectancy (e.g. 59 y/o down to 45 y/o by 2005 in South Africa, etc.), and (c) reduced economic efficiency of the countryââ¬â¢s economy. II.à à à à à à à à à à à Conclusion From the localized outbreak of 1981 to the massive infection of 21st century, AIDS has dramatically affected the global trend of social perceptions and health care due to the global stigma caused by the exponential increases of AIDS epidemic. AIDS patients in globally known epidemic countries, such as South Africa, India, United States, Thailand, are predicted to suffer social ostracism wherein patients may fail to publicly seek AIDS medical treatment due to their fears of discrimination, persecution and inferior treatment. According to presented studies, the global effects of AIDS epidemic may increase the countriesââ¬â¢ allocations for medical expenditures, and decrease the life expectancy of the general population. III.à à à à à à à à à à References Armstrong-Dailey, A., Zarbock, S. F. (2001). Hospice Care for Children. New York, London: Oxford University Press US. Blower, S., Schwartz, E. J., Mills, J. (2003, June). Forecasting the Future of HIV Epidemics: the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapies Imperfect Vaccines. AIDS Reviews, 5, 113-125. Brown, L., Macintyre, K., Trujillo, L. (2003, February). Interventions to Reduce HIV/AIDS Stigma: What Have We Learned?. AIDS Education and Prevention, 15, 49-69. Feigal, E. G., Levine, A. M., Biggar, R. J. (2000). AIDS-related Cancers and Their Treatment. New York, U.S.A: Informa Health Care. Finkel, M. (2007). Truth, Lies, and Public Health: How We are Affected when Science and Politics Collide. New York, U.S.A: Greenwood Publishing Group. Iliffe, J. (2007). Africans: The History of a Continent. New York, London: Cambridge University Press. How to cite AIDS in World History, Papers
Monday, April 27, 2020
Sears Mission and Vision Paper
Currently, vision and mission statements have been diluted in the business world to the extent that they have become less significant (Whiteley, 2007). As such, visions and missions have been mainly identified with unenthusiastic connotations. Nonetheless, when utilized appropriately vision and mission statements have proved to be very helpful.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Searsââ¬â¢ Mission and Vision Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Poorly structured vision and mission statements are misplaced opportunities for drawing and enhancing organizational culture, enhancing productivity, and drawing and preserving new talent. Researchers have shown that corporations that have distinct vision and mission statements that are supported with tactical strategies do better than those who do not (Whiteley, 2007). Therefore, vision and mission statements offer organizations with bearing. Through this, corporat ions can be able to implement actions that guide their businesses forward and keep away from allocating capital to actions that do not (Whiteley, 2007). In their absence, the organizations will find it very difficult to come up with a unified plan. In this article, mission and vision statement of Sears Holdings is analyzed. Sears Holdingsââ¬â¢ mission statement assert that the corporation is focused on expanding their businesses by means of offering excellent goods and services at a huge value when and where their clients require them, and by creating optimistic, permanent relations with their clients (Shop internationally at Sears, 2014). On the other hand, the corporationââ¬â¢s vision is to be the favored and be the most reliant store for goods and services that improve home and family lives. Based on the above mission and vision statements, the organization aims are augmenting their clientsââ¬â¢ trust, acting with honesty in all they do, treating all persons fairly, bein g answerable for their acts, and winning as a group. Currently, there are over 4000 Searsââ¬â¢s stores in North America. Despite its growth, the company is currently fighting to gain profits. At the present, the companyââ¬â¢s production is worsening on all levels amid a cutthroat environment. In the recent past, the company recorded murky Q1 incomes resulting in a huge net loss of $2.62 per share (Shop internationally at Sears, 2014). The precipitous slide was way below what the analysts had anticipated at a loss of $0.60 per share. In the same report, the companyââ¬â¢s revenues had decreased by nine percent to $8.74 billion. The slide was below what financial forecasters had predicted at $8.74 billion. The companyââ¬â¢s management team blamed the adverse weather for the losses. However, their claims fail to validate for the deterioration in the struggling Kmart sections.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get you r first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The companyââ¬â¢s financial records indicate that the corporation sales have been declining for the past six years. The only optimistic performance was that the company recorded a growth of 20% in its online sales (Shop internationally at Sears, 2014). Nonetheless, an increase in online sales does not imply that the company is in a turnaround process. Without immediate interventions, the company is expected to perform poorly through to the year 2016. To reduce on the losses and to stage a comeback, the corporation has put in place measure that will ensure that it gets lean, focus on menââ¬â¢s clothing, and concentrate more on their core services. Notably, for the last few years the organization has been able to operate majorly owing to trades of its real estate section. The shutdown of a number of its Kmart stores has helped the corporation reduce its operation costs. However, the shutdown of a number of its store is not enough fo r the company to get lean. The company should invest hugely in the remaining stores. Equally, strict inventory management has helped the company from increasing its losses. Despite this, it is apparent that Sears is short of the one vital thing that will enable it to turnaround. As such, the company should come up with an appropriate plan that will enable it to reverse the declining losses and return to their prestigious position in the market. Through this, the corporations can be able to implement actions that guide their businesses forward and keep away from allocating capital to actions that do not. A good vision statement should indicate what the business is all about, where the business wants to be in the future, the clients the organizations wants to engage relate to, and connect with the mission and be different from it (Carpenter, Bauer, Erdogan, 2010). Equally, a good mission statement should portray the organizationââ¬â¢s reasons for operations and plans to satisfy th e stakeholderââ¬â¢s needs. Based on the above requirements, Sears mission and vision does not require any revision. As such, its vision has captured where Sears wants to be in the future, the clients it plans to engage. Similarly, Searsââ¬â¢ vision is related to its vision because it seeks to achieve what the mission highlighted. Therefore, the companyââ¬â¢s dismal performance cannot be attributed to their mission statement or vision statement. Instead, the companyââ¬â¢s management team should be blamed for failing to abide by the organizationââ¬â¢s mission and vision. This has resulted in poor performance, declining sales, terrible management choices, and lack of concise efforts to advance branding plans.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Searsââ¬â¢ Mission and Vision Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Carpenter, M., Bauer, T., Erdogan, B. (2010). Principles of management 1. 1. Irvington, NY: Flat World Knowledge.à Shop internationally at Sears. (2014, January 15). Web. Whiteley, A. M. (2007). Core values and organizational change: theory and practice. Hackensack, New Jersey: World Scientific. This assessment on Searsââ¬â¢ Mission and Vision Paper was written and submitted by user Red Cr0w to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Thursday, March 19, 2020
Bessie Coleman, African American Woman Pilot
Bessie Coleman, African American Woman Pilot Bessie Coleman, a stunt pilot, was a pioneer in aviation. She was the first African American woman with a pilots license, the first African American woman to fly a plane, and the first American with an international pilots license.à She lived fromà January 26, 1892 (some sources give 1893)à to April 30, 1926 Early Life Bessie Coleman was born in Atlanta, Texas, in 1892, tenth of thirteen children. The family soon moved to a farm near Dallas. The family worked the land as sharecroppers, and Bessie Coleman worked in the cotton fields. Her father, George Coleman, moved to Indian Territory, Oklahoma, in 1901, where he had rights, based on having three Indian grandparents. His African American wife, Susan, with five of their children still at home, refused to go with him. She supported the children by picking cotton and taking in laundry and ironing. Susan, Bessie Colemans mother, encouraged her daughters education, though she was herself illiterate, and though Bessie had to miss school often to help in the cotton fields or to watch her younger siblings. After Bessie graduated from eighth grade with high marks, she was able to pay, with her own savings and some from her mother, for a semesters tuition at an industrial college in Oklahoma, Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University. When she dropped out of school after a semester, she returned home, working as a laundress. In 1915 or 1916 she moved to Chicago to stay with her two brothers who had already moved there. She went to beauty school, and became a manicurist, where she met many of the black elite of Chicago. Learning to Fly Bessie Coleman had read about the new field of aviation, and her interest was heightened when her brothers regaled her with tales of French women flying planes in World War I. She tried to enroll in aviation school, but was turned down. It was the same story with other schools where she applied. One of her contacts through her job as a manicurist was Robert S. Abbott, publisher of the Chicago Defender. He encouraged her to go to France to study flying there. She got a new position managing a chili restaurant to save money while studying French at the Berlitz school. She followed Abbotts advice, and, with funds from several sponsors including Abbott, left for France in 1920. In France, Bessie Coleman was accepted in a flying school, and received her pilots license- the first African American woman to do so. After two more months of study with a French pilot, she returned to New York in September, 1921. There, she was celebrated in the black press and was ignored by the mainstream press. Wanting to make her living as a pilot, Bessie Coleman returned to Europe for advanced training in acrobatic flying- stunt flying. She found that training in France, in the Netherlands, and in Germany. She returned to the United States in 1922. Bessie Coleman, Barnstorming Pilot That Labor Day weekend, Bessie Coleman flew in an air show on Long Island in New York, with Abbott and the Chicago Defender as sponsors. The event was held in honor of black veterans of World War I. She was billed as the worlds greatest woman flyer. Weeks later, she flew in a second show, this one in Chicago, where crowds lauded her stunt flying. From there she became a popular pilot at air shows around the United States. She announced her intent to start a flying school for African Americans, and began recruiting students for that future venture. She started a beauty shop in Florida to help raise funds. She also regularly lectured at schools and churches. Bessie Coleman landed a movie role in a film called Shadow and Sunshine, thinking it would help her promote her career.à She walked away when she realized that the depiction of her as a black woman would be as a stereotypical Uncle Tom. Those of her backers who were in the entertainment industry in turn walked away from supporting her career. In 1923, Bessie Coleman bought her own plane, a World War I surplus Army training plane. She crashed in the plane days later, on February 4, when the plane nose-dived. After a long recuperation from broken bones, and a longer struggle to find new backers, she finally was able to get some new bookings for her stunt flying. On Juneteenth (June 19) in 1924 , she flew in a Texas air show. She bought another plane- this one also an older model, a Curtiss JN-4, one that was low-priced enough that she could afford it. May Day in Jacksonville In April, 1926, Bessie Coleman was in Jacksonville, Florida, to prepare for a May Day Celebration sponsored by the local Negro Welfare League. On April 30, she and her mechanic went for a test flight, with the mechanic piloting the plane and Bessie in the other seat, with her seat belt unbuckled so that she could lean out and get a better view of the ground as she planned the next days stunts. A loose wrench got wedged in the open gear box, and the controls jammed. Bessie Coleman was thrown from the plane at 1,000 feet, and she died in the fall to the ground. The mechanic could not regain control, and the plane crashed and burned, killing the mechanic. After a well-attended memorial service in Jacksonville on May 2, Bessie Coleman was buried in Chicago. Another memorial service there drew crowds as well. Every April 30, African American aviators- men and women- fly in formation over Lincoln Cemetery in southwest Chicago (Blue Island) and drop flowers on Bessie Colemans grave. Legacy of Bessie Coleman Black flyers founded the Bessie Coleman Aero Clubs, right after her death. the Bessie Aviators organization was founded by black women pilots in 1975, open to women pilots of all races. In 1990, Chicago renamed a road near OHare International Airport for Bessie Coleman. That same year, Lambert - St. Louis International Airport unveiled a mural honoring Black Americans in Flight, including Bessie Coleman. In 1995, the U.S. Postal Service honored Bessie Coleman with a commemorative stamp. In October, 2002, Bessie Coleman was inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame in New York. Also known as:à Queen Bess, Brave Bessie Background, Family: Mother: Susan Coleman, sharecropper, cotton picker and laundressFather: George Coleman, sharecropperSiblings: thirteen total; nine survived Education: Langston Industrial College, Oklahoma - one semester, 1910Ecole dAviation des Freres, France, 1920-22Beauty school in ChicagoBerlitz school, Chicago, French language, 1920
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
Introduction to an Oligopoly Market
Introduction to an Oligopoly Market When discussing different types of market structures, monopolies are at one end of the spectrum, with only one seller in monopolistic markets, and perfectly competitive markets are at the other end, with many buyers and sellers offering identical products. That said, there is a lot of middle ground for what economists call imperfect competition. Imperfect competition can take a number of different forms, and the particular features of an imperfectly competitive market has implications for the market outcomes for consumers and producers. Oligopoly is one form of imperfect competition, and oligopolies have a number of specific features: Several large firms - Oligopolies generally consist of a few large firms, and this is part of what sets them apart from competitive markets. Similar or identical products - While it is possible to have an oligopoly with slightly differentiated products, firms in oligopolies usually sell non-differentiated products. Barriers to entry - There are barriers to entry into an oligopoly, making oligopolies different from competitive markets with a large number of relatively small firms. In essence, oligopolies are named as such because the prefix oli- means several, whereas the prefix mono-, as in monopoly, means one. Because of barriers to entry, firms in oligopolies are able to sell their products at prices above their marginal costs of production, and this generally results in positive economic profits for firms in oligopolies. This observation of markup over marginal cost implies that oligopolies do not maximize social welfare.
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